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The leading cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is insulin resistance, which is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. When the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, it has difficulty regulating blood sugar levels. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate, leading to higher insulin levels in the bloodstream.
Elevated insulin levels promote the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver, leading to the accumulation of fat within liver cells. This accumulation of fat is the hallmark feature of NAFLD. Over time, excess fat in the liver can lead to inflammation and liver damage, progressing to more severe forms of liver disease such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer.
While insulin resistance is the primary driver of NAFLD, other factors such as genetics, diet, sedentary lifestyle, and certain medical conditions can also contribute to the development and progression of the disease. It’s important for individuals with NAFLD to address underlying risk factors through lifestyle modifications, including weight management, dietary changes, regular exercise, and managing related conditions such as diabetes and high cholesterol. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing or slowing the progression of NAFLD-related liver damage.